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TURKMENISTAN
© Maksim Levitin

Turkmenistan is a land of striking natural contrasts — from the vast sands of the Karakum Desert to the mountain ranges of the Kopet Dag and the ecosystems along the Caspian Sea. This rich variety of landscapes makes the country an important part of Central Asia’s natural heritage.

BIODIVERSITY

Turkmenistan is home to over 90 species of mammals, more than 380 species of birds, and dozens of reptile, amphibian, and freshwater fish species. The country’s flora includes around 2,000 plant species, many of which are endemic. Among the rare and protected species are the goitered gazelle (djeyran), Turkmen caracal, Persian leopard, onager (Asiatic wild ass), and desert monitor lizard.

The conservation of rare species is guided by the Red Book of Turkmenistan, which lists dozens of endangered animal and plant species. This document serves as a foundation for conservation planning and scientific monitoring.

Did You Know?

Pistachio and almond nurseries are being established in Koytendag, and hundreds of local residents have been trained in their cultivation.

© Maksim Levitin